Giáo án Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Unit 8: Our world heritage sites

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UNIT 8. OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES 
A. Vocalubary. 
Serial Vocabulary Type Pronounce Meaning 
LESSON 1: GETTING STARTED 
1. Recommend Verb rekəˈmend Giới thiệu. 
2. Go sight seeing ɡəʊ saɪt siː-ing đi ngắm cảnh. 
3. Heritage Noun ˈherɪtɪdʒ Di sản. 
4. Monument Noun 
ˈmɒnjumənt 
ˈmɑːnjumənt 
Đài tưởng niệm 
5. Structure Noun ˈstrʌktʃə (r) Kiến trúc. 
6. Excavations Noun ˌekskəˈveɪʃn Khai quật. 
7. Complex Adjective ˈkɒmpleks Quần thể. 
8. Intact Adjective in'tækt Nguyên vẹn 
9. Dynasty Noun 
'dinəsti 
'dainəsti 
Triều đại. 
10. Relic Noun 'relik Cổ vật 
11. 
Ruin 
= Demolish 
(v, n) 
'ru:in 
di'mɒli∫ 
tàn phá, phá hủy 
12. Citadel Noun 'sitədəl Thành lũy 
13. Royal Adjective 'rɔiəl Thuộc về hoàng gia 
14. Nightlife Noun ˈnaɪtˌlaɪf Cuộc sống về đêm 
15. Associated Adjective əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd Liên kết 
16. Archaeological Adjective ˌɑːrkiəˈlɑːdʒɪkl Khảo cổ học 
17. Expand Verb ɪkˈspænd Mở rộng 
LESSON 2: LANGUAGE 
18. Preserve Verb prɪˈzɜːv Giữ gìn 
19. Ancient Adjective ˈān(t)SHənt Cổ xưa 
20. Pull Verb pʊl Kéo 
21. Emperor Noun ˈEmpərər Hoàng đế 
22. Empire Noun ˈEmpaɪə (r) Đế chế 
23. Attract Verb əˈtrækt Thu hút 
24. Residential Adjective ˌRezɪˈdenʃl Khu dân cư 
25. Irresponsible Adjective ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl Thiếu trách nhiệm 
LESSON 3: READING 
26. Scenery Noun ˈSiːnəri Phong cảnh 
27. Hospitable Adjective hɒˈspɪtəbl Hiếu khách 
28. Suit some one’s taste(s) 
Phù hợp với hương vị của một 
số người 
29. Tobe of reasonable Hợp lí 
30. Itinerary Noun riɪˈtɪn(ə)(rə)ri Hành trình 
31. Superb Adjective suːˈpəːb Tuyệt vời 
32. Elegance Noun ˈɛlɪɡ(ə)ns Sang trọng 
33. Authentic Adjective ɔːˈθɛntɪk Xác thực 
34. Emerging Adjective ɪˈməːdʒɪŋ Đang nổi lên 
35. Magnificent Adjective mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt Đẹp đẽ, tráng lệ 
36. Islets Noun ˈʌɪlɪt Đảo (rất nhỏ) 
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Serial Vocabulary Type Pronounce Meaning 
37. Breathtaking Adjective ˈbrɛθteɪkɪŋ Ngoạn mục 
38. Cuisine Noun kwɪˈziːn Làm bếp, nghề nấu ăn 
39. Abundant Adjective əˈbʌnd(ə)nt Phong phú 
LESSON 4: SPEAKING 
40. Tomb Noun tuːm Lăng mộ 
41. Poetic Adjective pəʊˈɛtɪk Nên thơ 
42. Landmark Noun ˈlan(d)mɑːk Cột mốc, đánh dấu 
43. Mix Noun mɪks Sự hòa trộn 
44. Mosaic Adjective məʊˈzeɪɪk Khảm 
45. Tiered Adjective tɪəd Tầng 
LESSON 5: LISTENING 
46. Cave Noun keɪv Hang 
47. Stream Noun striːm Suối 
48. Limestone Noun ˈLaɪmstəʊn Đá vôi 
49. Mountain climbing ˈMaʊntən ˈKlaɪmɪŋ Leo núi 
50. Underground river ˌɅndəˈɡraʊnd ˈ Rɪvə (r) Nước ngầm 
51. Grotto Noun ˈɡrɒtəʊ Hang (Nhỏ hơn Cave) 
LESSON 6: WRITING 
52. Landscape Noun ˈLændskeɪp Phong cảnh 
LESSON 7: COMMUNICATION & CULTURE 
53. Sanctuary Noun ˈSæŋktʃuəri Thánh địa 
54. Mausoleum Noun ˌMɔːzəˈliːəm Lăng mộ 
55. Mosque Noun mɒsk Nhà thờ Hồi giáo 
56. Dome Noun dəʊm Mái vòm 
57. Masterpiece Noun ˈMɑːstəpiːs Kiệt tác 
LESSON 8: LOOKING BACK 
58. Well-preserved Adjectice ˌWel prɪˈzɜːvd Được bảo quản tốt 
59. Eastern Adjectice ˈIːstən Phương Đông 
60. Western Adjectice ˈWestən Phương Tây 
61. Antiques Noun ænˈtiːk Đồ cổ 
62. Snoozing Verb snuːz Giấc ngủ ngắn 
B. Grammar: PARTICIPLE & TO – INFINITIVE CLAUSE 
1. Participle Clause: 
a. Present participle clause (V_ing) 
- Cách rút gọn: 
+ Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ. 
+ Đưa động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi -ing. 
(nếu mệnh đề chia ở thì tiếp diễn thì bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ tobe, chỉ giữ lại V-ing). 
E.g: The man who is standing there is my brother. (Người đàn ông đứng đằng kia là anh trai của tôi.) 
 The man standing there is my brother. 
Mệnh đề 
Động từ mệnh đề quan hệ : Chủ động 
Đại từ quan hệ : S 
V_ing 
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Note: Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng phủ định thì thêm “not” trước động từ dạng V-ing 
E.g: The student who didn't make a reservation in advance will not be eligible to attend this event. 
(Học sinh không đặt chỗ trước sẽ không đủ điều kiện tham dự sự kiện này.) 
 The student not making a reservation in advance will not be eligible to attend this event. 
b. Past participle phrase (V-ed phrase) 
- Cách rút gọn: BỎ đại từ quan hệ và động từ tobe, chỉ giữ lại dạng quá khứ phân từ của động từ chính 
trong mệnh đề quan hệ. 
E.g: 
a) The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting. 
(Những quyển sách do Nam Cao viết rất thú vị.) 
 The books written by Nam Cao are interesting. 
b) The students who were punished by teacher are lazy. (Những học sinh bị giáo viên phạt thì rất lười.) 
 The students punished by teacher are lazy. 
c. To infinitive (to V) 
a) Tom is the last person who enters the room. (Tom là người cuối cùng bước vào phòng.) 
 Tom is the last person to enter the room. 
b) John is the youngest person who takes part in the race. (John là người trẻ nhất tham gia vào cuộc đua.) 
 John is the youngest person to take part in the race. 
c) He was the first man who reached the top of this mountain. 
 He was the first man to reach the top of this mountain 
- Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả sự cần thiết/ nhiệm vụ phải thực hiện: 
+ Nếu 2 mệnh đề cùng chủ từ (thường là khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính là HAVE/HAD): 
E.g: a) I have a lot of homework that I mustdo.(Tôi có nhiều bài tập về nhà phải làm.) 
 I have a lot of homework to do. 
 b) They need a large yard in which they can dry rice. (Họ cần cái sân rộng để phơi lúa ở đó.) 
 They need a large yard to dry rice in. 
+ Nếu 2 mệnh đề khác chủ từ (thường là khi đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)) 
E.g: a) He finds a house with a yard which his children can play in. 
(Anh ấy muốn tìm một ngôi nhà có sân để các con mình có thể chơi ở đó.) 
 He finds a house with a yard for his children to play in. 
 b) There are six letters which have to be written (Hôm nay có 6 bức thư phải được viết hoàn thành.) 
 There are six letters to be written today. 
 c) Here are some accounts that you must check. (Đây là một số tài khoản bạn phải kiểm tra.) 
 Here are some accounts for you to check. 
Mệnh đề 
Động từ mệnh đề quan hệ : Bị động 
Đại từ quan hệ : S 
V_ed 
Mệnh đề 
N trước đại từ quan hệ: 
Đại từ quan hệ : S 
- only, last, next, 
- Số thứ tự: first, second, 
- So sánh hơn nhất 
V mệnh đề quan hệ : 
Chủ động: to V 
Bị động: tobe + PII 
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Exercise 
A. Phonetics and Speaking 
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from 
the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 
Question 1: A. scholar B. technique C. archaeology D. achievement 
Question 2: A. ancient B. conchern C. assochiate D. spechial 
Question 3: A. itinerary B. abundant C. elegance D. landscape 
Question 4: A. tomb B. dome C. mosaic D. poetic 
Question 5: A. numerous B. luxury C. perfume D. monument 
Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in 
the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 
Question 6: A. archaeology B. itinerary C. unforgettable D. authenticity 
Question 7: A. magnificent B. associate C. mausoleum D. harmonious 
Question 8: A. religious B. masterpiece C. prestigious D. abundant 
Question 9: A. intact B. nightlife C. relic D. complex 
Question 10: A. cultural B. heritage C. memory D. represent 
Question 11: A. committee B. impatient C. employee D. refugee 
Question 12: A. familiar B. impatient C. uncertain D. arrogant 
Question 13: A. respectable B. occasional C. kindergarten D. affectionate 
Question 14: A. humanism B. objectively C. philosophy D. forgettable 
Question 15: A. stimulate B. surgical C. already D. measurement 
B. Vocabulary and Grammar 
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the 
underlined word(s)in each of the following questions. 
Question 1: The balance and harmonious blending of various elements contribute to Taj Mahal's unique 
beauty. 
 A. successful B. agreeable C. tasteful D. fitting 
Question 2: My Son Sanctuary is a large complex of religious relics comprising more than 70 
architectural works such as towers, temples, and tombs. 
 A. royal B. precious C. holy D. valuable 
Question 3: In addition to exploring the caves and grottos, and seeing its flora and fauna, visitors can also 
enjoy mountain climbing. 
 A. flowers and plants B. plants and animals 
 C. plants and vegetation D. flowers and grass 
Question 4: Ha Long Bay has attracted millions of visitors who come to enjoy its breathtaking views and 
experience other activities 
 A. unbreathable B. heartbreaking C. awe-inspiring D. unforgettable 
Question 5: They can enjoy the comfort and elegance of five-star hotels and luxury cruise ships. 
 A. style B. convenience C. standard D. grace 
Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the 
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 
Question 6: Though built almost five hundred years ago, the church remained practically intact. 
 A. in perfection B. in ruins C. in chaos D. in completion 
Question 7: Tourists can do and see a lot in Ha Long Bay at a reasonable price. 
 A. inexpensive B. affordable C. cheap D. exorbitant 
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Question 8. The major stone sections of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty remain intact thanks to the unique 
construction techniques.: 
 A. special B. common C. excellent D. ancient 
Question 9: The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was first built during the Ly Dynasty and then expanded 
by subsequent dynasties 
 A. following B. successive C. preceding D. next 
Question 10: Visitors with more abundant travel budgets can enjoy the comfort of five-star hotels and 
luxury cruise ships. 
 A. huge B. plentiful C. mean D. tight 
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions. 
Question 1: You may choose one from the five World Heritage Sites in Viet Nam ____ in this leaflet to 
visit on your next field trip. 
 A. includes B. including C. included D. to include 
Question 2: ____________________ UNESCO criteria for outstanding universal value to humanity, 
Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex was added to the World Heritage List in 2014. 
 A. Meeting B. Met C. To meet D. Having met 
Question 3: The most magnificent feature of Taj Mahal ____ is the central dome. 
 A. noticed B. being noticed C. to notice D. noticing 
Question 4: Scientists ____ on the site found many ancient tools, tombs and pottery, and made some 
important archaeological discoveries. 
 A. worked B. working C. to work D. to be working 
Question 5: ____ with an average of 320 days of sunshine a year, the coastline offers the perfect holiday 
destination for anyone ____ to switch off and unwind. 
 A. Blessed/wanting B. Blessing/wanting 
 C. Blessed/wants D. Blessing/wanted 
C. Reading 
Exercise 6. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct 
answer to each of the questions. 
MY 25,000 WONDERS OF THE WORLD 
The coaches at the Uluru Sunset Viewing Area were parked three deep. Guides were putting up tables 
and setting out wines and snacks. Ten minutes to go. Are we ready? Five minutes, folks. Got your cameras? 
OK, here it comes ... 
Whether an American backpacker or a wealthy traveller, Danish, British, French, we all saw that 
sunset over Uluru, or Ayer Rock, in what seems to be the prescribed tourist manner: mouth full of corn 
chips, glass full of Château Somewhere, and a loved one posing in a photo's foreground, as the all-time No 
1 Australian icon behind us glowed briefly red. 
Back on the coach, our guide declared our sunset to be 'pretty good', although not the best she'd 
witnessed in her six years. Behind me, Adam, a student from Manchester, reinserted his iPod earphones: 
'Well, that's enough of that rock.' Indeed. Shattered from getting up at five in order to see Uluru at dawn, I 
felt empty and bored. What was the point? What made this rock the definitive sunset rock event? Why had 
we come here? Well, I suppose my sons would remember it always. Except they'd missed the magical 
moment while they checked out a rival tour group's snack table, which had better crisps. 
So now I've visited four of the “25 Wonders of the World", as decreed by Rough Guides. And I think 
this will be the last. While in my heart I can see myself wondering enchanted through China's Forbidden 
City, in my head I know I would be standing grumpily at the back of a group listening to some Imperial 
Palace Tour Guide. At the Grand Canyon I would be getting angr with tourists watching it through cameras 
– eyes are not good enough, since they lack a recording facility. 
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As we become richer and consumer goods are more widely affordable, and satisfy us only briefly 
before becoming obsolete, we turn to travel to provide us with 'experiences’. These will endure, set us apart 
from stay-at-home people and maybe, fill our lives with happiness and meaning, Books with helpful titles 
like 1,000 Places to See Before You Die are bestsellers. I'd bet many backpacks on the Machu Picchu Inca 
Trail are filled with copies, with little tieks penciled in the margins after each must -see sight has been 
visited. Travel is now the biggest industry on the planet, bigger than armaments or pharmaceuticals. And yet 
viewing the main sight of any destination is rarely the highlight of a trip. Mostly it sits there on your 
itinerary like a duty visit to a dull relative. The guilt of not visiting the Sistine Chapel, because we preferred 
to stay in a bar drinking limoncello, almost spoilt a weekend in Rome. 
In Queensland, the Great Barrier Reef reproached us. How could we travel 15,000 miles without 
seeing it? How would we explain back home that we were too lazy, and preferred to stay playing a ball 
game in our hotel pool? In the end, we went to the reef and it was fine. But it won't rank highly in the things 
I'll never forget about Australia. Like the fact that the banknotes are made of waterproof plastic: how 
gloriously Australian is that? Even after a day's surfing, the $50 note you left in your surfing shorts is still 
OK to buy you beer! And the news item that during a recent tsunami warning, the surfers at Bondi Beach 
refused to leave the sea: what, and miss the ride of their lives? Or the stern warning at the hand luggage X-
ray machine at Alice Springs airport: “No jokes must be made whilst being processed by this facility” - to 
forestall, no doubt, disrespectful Aussie comments: 'You won't find the bomb, mate. It's in my suitcase.’ 
The more I travel, the clearer it seems that the truth of a place is in the tiny details of everyday life, 
not in its most glorious statues or scenery. Put down your camera, throw away your list, the real wonders of 
the world number indefinitely more than 25. 
Question 1: What does the author mean by ‘the prescribed tourist manner’ in paragraph 2? 
A. They are all backpackers. 
B. They are all wealthy travellers. 
C. They are all interested in seeing the wonders of the world. 
D. They all eat, drink and do the same things at the sites of the world wonders. 
Question 2: What did the author think or feel after seeing the sunset over Ayer Rock? 
A. She thought it was pretty good. 
B. She felt exhausted, empty, and bored. 
C. She thought that was enough. 
D. She thought this rock was the definitive sunset rock event. 
Question 3: Why does she think that Uluru is probably the last 'wonder of the world' she will see? 
A. She doesn't like wandering around the wonders. 
B. She doesn't enjoy the Imperial Palace Tour Guide. 
C. She doesn't like watching the wonder through a camera. 
D. She doesn't want to explore the sites the way people around her do. 
Question 4: What kind of tourists is she criticising when she says 'eyes are not good enough' in 
paragraph 4? 
A. those who stand grumpily at the back of the group 
B. those who wander enchanted through the site 
C. those who look at the wonders through their cameras 
D. those who lack a recording facility 
Question 5: According to the author, what do a lot of backpackers carry with them nowadays? 
A. books with helpful titles B. books that are bestsellers 
C. copies of must-see sights D. little pencils 
Question 6: The author compares visiting the main tourist sights to ____. 
 A. armaments B. Pharmaceuticals 
 C. a trip highlight D. a duty visit to a dull relative 
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Question 7: What does she mean by ‘the Great Barrier Reef reproached us' in paragraph 6? 
A. The Great Barrier Reef is worth visiting if you are in Australia. 
B. It is fine to visit the Great Barrier Reef when you are in Australia. 
C. It seems wrong not to visit the Great Barrier Reef once you are in Australia. 
D. The Great Barrier Reef is an unforgettable sight in Australia. 
Question 8: All of the following are mentioned in the article as memorable aspects of Australia EXCEPT 
____. 
A. banknotes made of waterproof plastic 
B. the fine visit to the Great Barrier Reef 
C. the surfers at Bondi Beach refusing to leave the sea despite tsunami warning 
D. the stern warning at the hand luggage X-ray machine at Alice Springs airport. 
Exercise 7. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to 
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 
Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more 
popular during his lifetime for some of his other works. He traveled extensively and used the knowledge 
gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels. In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as 
a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England. His 
experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849). In 1841 Melville set out on a 
whaling ship headed for the South Seas. After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of 
Tahiti and Moorea. This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847). After three 
years away from home, Melville joined up with a U.S. naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United 
States around Cape Horn. The novel White-Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman. 
With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following 
among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations. However, in 1851, with the publication of 
Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish. Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the 
great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of man against the universe. 
The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical 
symbolism. It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the 
one for which he is best known today. 
Question 1: The main subject of the passage is_________. 
 A. Melville’s travels B. Moby Dick 
 C. Melville’s personal background D. the popularity of Melville’s novels. 
Question 2: The word “basis” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_________. 
 A. background B. message C. bottom D. dissertation 
Question 3: According to the passage, Melville’s early novels were__________. 
A. published while he was traveling B. completely fictional 
C. all about his work on whaling ships D. based on his travel experience 
Question 4: The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because____________. 
A. he had unofficially left his ship 
B. he was on leave while his ship was in port 
C. he had finished his term of duty 
D. he had received permission to take a vacation in Tahiti 
Question 5: How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville’s popularity? 
A. His popularity remained as strong as ever. 
B. It caused his popularity to decrease. 
C. His popularity increased immediately. 
D. It had no effect on his popularity. 
Question 6: According to the passage, Moby Dick is__________. 
 A. symbolic of humanity fighting the universe 
 B. a single-faceted work 
 C. a short story about a whale 
 D. a 47 adventure 
Question 7: In what year did Melville’s book about his experiences as a cabin boy appear? 
 A. 1849 B. 1837 C. 1847 D. 1841 
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D. Writing 
Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each 
of the following questions. 
Question 1: Visitors come to admire the relics that were excavated from the ancient tombs 
A. Visitors come to admire the relics excavating from the ancient tombs. 
B. Visitors come to admire the relics excavated from the ancient tombs. 
C. Visitors come to admire the relics being excavated from the ancient tombs. 
D. Visitors come to admire the relics to be excavated from the ancient tombs 
Question 2: The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, which is located in Thanh Hoa Province, was added to 
UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2011 
A. Locating in Thanh Hoa Province, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was added to UNESCO's 
World Heritage List in 2011. 
B. Located in Thanh Hoa Province, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was added to UNESCO's 
World Heritage List in 2011. 
C. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, that is located in Thanh Hoa Province, was added to 
UNESCO's World Heritage List in 2011. 
D. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, locating in Thanh Hoa Province, was added to UNESCO's 
World Heritage List in 2011. 
Question 3: The Complex of Hue Monuments, which lies along the Perfume River in Hue City, is a good 
example of a well-designed capital city. 
 A. The Complex of Hue Monuments, laying along the Perfume River in Hue City, is a good 
example of a well-designed capital city. 
 B. Laying along the Perfume River in Hue City, the Complex of Hue Monuments is a good 
example of a well-designed capital city. 
 C. Lying along the Perfume River in Hue City, the Complex of Hue Monuments is a good 
example of a well-designed capital city. 
 D. Laid along the Perfume River in Hue City, the Complex of Hue Monuments is a good 
example of a well-designed capital city. 
Question 4: He has been living with his cousin for two months, but he's looking for a place close to his 
university. 
 A. Living with his cousin for two months, but he's looking for a place close to his university. 
 B. Being lived with his cousin for two months, but he's looking for a place close to his 
university. 
 C. Has lived with his cousin for two months, but he's looking for a place close to his 
university. 
 D. Having been living with his cousin for two months, but he's looking to a place close to his 
university. 
Question 5: After we had chosen a destination for our holiday, we began preparing for the trip. 
 A. Chosen a destination for our holiday, we began preparing for the trip. 
 B. Choosing a destination for our holiday, we began preparing for the trip. 
 C. Having chosen a destination for our holiday, we began preparing for the trip. 
 D. Having prepared for the trip, we chose a destination for our holiday. 
Exercise 9. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of 
sentences in the following questions. 
Question 6: A picture was stolen by art thieves. It was painted by Munch. 
A. Stolen by art thieves, a picture was painted by Munch. 
B. Painted by Munch, a picture was stolen by art thieves. 
C. A picture painted by Munch was stolen by art thieves. 
D. All are correct. 
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Question 7: You can see Velazquez in this painting. He is standing in the background. 
A. Standing in the background, you can see Velazquez in this painting. 
B. You can see Velazquez, who is standing in the background, in this painting. 
C. You can see Velazquez standing in the background in this painting. 
D. Both B and C are correct. 
Question 8: The sculpture represents the biblical King David. It was carved in the early 1500s. 
A. The sculpture carved in the early 1500s represents the biblical King David. 
B. The sculpture, carved in the early 1500s, represents the biblical King David. 
C. Represented the biblical King David, the sculpture was carved in the early 1500s. 
D. Being represented the biblical King David, the sculpture was carved in the early 1500s. 
Question 9: Cats is one of the longest-running musicals in Britain. It was written by Andrew Lloyd 
Webber. 
A. Written by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Cats is one of the longest-running musicals in Britain. 
B. Cats, written by Andrew Lloyd Webber, is one of the longest-running musicals in Britain. 
C. Cats, one of the longest-running musicals in Britain, was written by Andrew Lloyd 
Webber. 
D. All are correct. 
Question 10: The Matrix was released in 1999. It stars Keanu Reeves. 
A. Releasing in 1999, The Matrix stars Keanu Reeves. 
B. Released in 1999, The Matrix stars Keanu Reeves. 
C. The Matrix released in 1999 stars Keanu Reeves. 
D. Both B and C are correct. 
Question 11: You will never eat there at the weekend unless you have made a reservation. 
A. Let’s make reservation at the weekend to be due of eating there 
B. You should have made a reservation if you expected to eat there at the weekend. 
C. It is only possible for you to eat there at the weekend if you reserve a table in advance. 
D. You may not be able to eat there if you don’t reserve a table at the weekend on purpose. 
Question 12: Only Mary scored high enough to pass this test 
A. Mary was the only person to pass this test. 
B. Only on this test was Mary’s score high enough. 
C. Mary’s score was barely enough to pass. 
D. Mary only passed this test because she scored higher than the others. 
Question 13: The demand was so great. They had to reprint the book immediately. 
A. So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately. 
B. The book would be reprinted immediately since the demand was great. 
C. They demanded to reprint the book immediately. 
D. They demanded that the book be reprinted immediately. 
Question 14: He did not work hard. He failed the exam. 
A. Unless he had worked hard, he would have failed the exam. 
B. Even though he failed the exam, he didn’t work hard. 
C. If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 
D. However hard he worked, he failed the exam. 
Question 15: “I will help you with the housework”, Mai said to me. 
A. Mai promised to help me with the housework. 
B. Mai asked me to help her with the housework 
C. Mai begged to help me with the housework. 
 D. Mai insisted on helping me with the housework. 
10 
Exercise PARTICIPLE & TO – INFINITIVE CLAUSE 
Exercise 10. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases 
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us? 
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2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. 
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3. The children who attend that school receive a good education. 
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4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood. 
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5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page. 
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6. They live in the house that was built in 1890. 
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7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica. 
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8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle. 
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9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high. 
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10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention. 
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Exercise 11. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase 
1. I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in. 
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