Giáo án Tiếng Anh 11 - Các thì trong Tiếng Anh

A. CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
I. LÝ THUYẾT:
1. Hiện tại đơn: 	S + V ( s /es ) + 0
	S + is /am/are + N /adj
* Cách dùng:
	- Dùng để chỉ các hành động thói quen, mang tính chất lặp đi lặp lại.
	Ex: She usually gets up at 6 a.m.
	- Dùng để chỉ các sự kiện và sự thật hiển nhiên.
	Ex:Water freezes at 0 degree centigrade.
 	- Mô tả các hành động trong sách báo, vở kịch, bài bình luận trên truyền thanh 
	Ex: In the film, the woman wears a red skirt.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
	Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn :
	 Every____ (day,night, week,month,year,Monday, ..)
	 sometimes, always, usually, Often, sometimes,ever ,seldom, rarely, never..
	 Twice a week, once a week .
*Cấu trúc: “ to be “ và ‘’ordinary verb”
a. + S + is /am/are + N /adj Eg: She is a student or He is tall and humour
 - S + is /am/are + not + N /adj N adj adj
 ? is /am/are + S + N /adj ?
b. + S + V ( s /es ) + 0 Eg: She goes to school or I go to school
 - S + don’t / doesn’t + V + 0 V+es V
 ? Do /Does + S + V + 0 ? yes.. / no - She doesn’t go to school or I don’t go to school
* Chú ý động từ thường đi với chủ ngữ số ít :” she,he,it, một người,một vật “ta phải chia thêm “ s hoặc es”
+ Các động từ thường thêm “s” Eg: I get.. – She gets I get / We want..- He wants 
+ Các động từ thường kết thúc có “ ch ,sh,o,s,u,x, z “ thêm “es” Eg: I do – He does / They go - She goes
+ Các động từ thường kết thúc có ‘’y’’trước ‘’y’’ là nguyên âm “ u,e,o,a,i’’ ta chỉ thêm ‘’s’’
 trước ‘’y’’ là phụ âm ta phải đổi ‘’y= I +es‘’ 
Eg: stay – stays, buy – buys , study - studies
2.Present continuous : S + is / am /are + V-ing
* Cách dùng: - Dùng để chỉ một hành động đang được tiến hành trong lúc đang nói.
	Ex : Listen! The bird is singing.
	 I am studying now.
- Một hành động đang quanh quẩn xảy ra bây giờ nhưng không nhất thiết xảy ra vào lúc nói.
	Ex :I am reading a very good story.
	- Một hành động dự kiến trong tương lai gần mà đã được sắp xếp xong.
	Ex : They are playing tennis next week.
- Với chữ always đế diễn tả một hành động thường lặp lại thường xuyên,hay một lời phàn nàn
	Ex : He is always taking exams. He is always studying.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
 Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:	
	- Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent!....
	 - now, right now, at the moment, at the present, today, while
	 - next .. ( chỉ một dự định)
* Cấu trúc: + S + is / am /are + V-ing + 0
 - /are S + is / am /are + not + V-ing + 0
 ? Is / am + S + V-ing + 0 ? 
3. Simple Past: 	S + V2 / ed + 0
	S + was / were + N /adj
* Cách dùng:
	- Một hành động đã xảy ra và đã hoàn tất ở thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.
	Ex: We bought this car two years ago.
	- Một thói quen trong quá khứ.
	Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river.	
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
 Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn :
	yesterday ________ ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, .)
	last _______ ( last year, last night, last week, last month .)
	 ago_____ ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago .)
	 in + year in the past ( một năm nào đó trong quá khứ vd in 1999, in 2001 )
*Cấu trúc: “ to be= was /were “ và ‘’ V past:( động từ có quy tắc và bất quy tắc)”
a. + S + was /were + N /adj Eg: She was a student or He was tired yesterday
 - S +was/were + not + N /adj N adj 
 ? was /were + S + N /adj ?
b. + S + Vpast + 0 Eg: She went to school late yesterday or I went to school
 - S + didn’t + V + 0 
 ? Did+ S + V + 0 ? She didn’t go to school late yesterdayor I didn’t go to school
4. Present perfect : 	S + have / has + Vp.p
* Cách dùng:
- Một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định.
	Ex: I haven’t met him before.
- Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay hoàn tất.
	Ex: She has just gone out.
-Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ , kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai.
	Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years.
- Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng chấm dứt vào lúc nói.
	Ex: I haven’t seen you for a long time. ( Nhưng bây giờ tôi đã gặp bạn rồi)
- Một hành động xảy ra hơn một lần trong quá khứ.
	Ex: I have met him three times.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
 Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành :
	 Never, ever, since, for, recently, already, so far, before ( trước đây), yet, 
Cấu trúc: + S + have / has + Vp.p + 0 
 - S + have / has + not + (adv)+ Vp.p + 0
 ? Have / has +(adv) + S + Vp.p + 0 ? ( How long /Since when..?)
5. Past continuous : 	S + was / were + V-ing
* Cách dùng:
	- Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
	Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?
	- Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt ngang.
	Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home.
	When they were having dinner, she entered their room.
	- Hai hành động cùng song song xảy ra trong quá khứ.
	Ex:While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
 	Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
	At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ
	At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ
	Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while 
Cấu trúc:
 + S + was /were+ Ving + 0 Eg: She was watching a film at 9 p.m 
 - S +was/were + not + Ving + 0 
 ? was /were + S + Ving + 0?
6. Past perfect : 	S + had + V p.p
* Cách dùng:
	- Một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
	Ex : He had left the house before she came.
	- Một hành động đã được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
	Ex : We had had lunch by two o’clock.
	By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels.
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
 	Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
by + thời gian trong quá khứ
before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as .
Cấu trúc: + S + had + Vp.p + 0 
 - S + had + not + Vp.p + 0
 ? Had + S + Vp.p + 0 ? 
Eg: When I came home,my mother had cooked dinner yesterday
7. Simple future: 	S + will + V (infinitive)
* Cách dùng:
	- Một hành động có thể , hay có lẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
	Ex: They will come here next week.
	The football match will be over at 7 o’clock.0
	- Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu ( ở thể nghi vấn)
	Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
Thường thì khi trong câu có các cụm từ sau ta chia động từ ở thì tương lai đơn:
	Next ______ ( next week, next month, ..)
	At + thời giờ trong tương lai
* Cấu trúc: + S + will / shall + V (infinitive)
 - S + will+ not + V (infinitive)
 ? Will + S + V + 0?
* Chú ý: Để diễn tả một hành động có ý định hay một dự trù trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng to be going to + v (inf)
* Cấu trúc: + S + is / am /are +going to + V + 0
 - S + is / am /are + not + going to + V+ 0
 ? Is / am/are + S + going to + V+ 0 ? 
8. Future perfect: 	S + will have + Vp.p
* Cách dùng:
	- Một hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước một thời điểm ở tương lai hay một hành động khác ở tương lai.
	Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters.
	- Đối với một hành động vươn dài tới một thời điểm trong tương lai.
	Ex: When I leave the school next week, I will have taught this class for 5 years.
	On December 18th , they will have been married for 30 years.
II. BÀI TẬP:
1. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He ____ for London one year ago.
	A. left	B. has left	C. leaves	D. had left
2) She ____ in Hue for twenty years.
	A. lives	B. has lived	C. lived	D. will live
3) I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.
	A. go	B. went	C. have gone	D. was going
4) What ____ you ____, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother.
	A. do/think	B. are/thinking	C. have/thought	D. were/thinking
5) How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.
	A. do/know	B. are/knowing	C. have/known	D. had/known
6) I usually ____ to school by bus.
	A. went	B. am going	C. go	D. have gone
7) Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.
	A. got	B. get	C. was getting	D. had got
8) Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.
	A. studying	B. study	C. am studying	D. studied
9) Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
	A. boils	B. boiled	C. is boiling	D. will boil
10) It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two hours.
	A. rains	B. is raining	C. has rained	D. rained
11) ____ you ____ out last night?
	A. Did/go	B. Do/go	C. Have/gone	D. Were/going
12) This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
	A. costs	B. cost	C. had cost	D. was cost
13) While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
	A. played/took	B. playing/taking	
	C. was playing/was taking	D. was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?
	A. did/play	B. is/playing	C. has/play	D. has/been playing
15) When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____. 
	A. worked/was ringing	B. were working/rang	C. worked/rang	D. work/rings
16) After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.
	A. have/go	B. had had/go	C. had/had gone 	D. had had/went
17) They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.
	A. have/is ringing	B. were having/rang	C. had had/ rang	D. having/ringing
18) Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.
	A. smoked/read	B. had smoked/read	
	C. was smoking/was reading	D. smoking/reading
19) When I ____ into the office, my boss ____ for me. 
	A. came/was waiting	B. was coming/waited	C. had come/waited 	D. came/waiting
20) When I ____ Brian, he ____ a taxi.
	A. see/drives	B. see/was driving	C. saw/was driving 	D. saw/is driving
21) When he ____, we ____ dinner.
	A. arrived/having	B. arrived/were having	C. was arriving/had	D. had arrived/had	
22) While they ____ chess, we ____ the shopping. 
	A. playing/doing	B. were playing/doing	
	C. played/did 	D. were playing/were doing
23) They ____ football when the lights in the stadium ____ out. 
	A. were playing/went	 B. played/was going	
	C. were playing/ was going 	 D. playing/went
24) While George and John ____ their room, she ____ the ironing. 
	A. cleaning/doing	B. were cleaning/was doing 
	C. were cleaning/doing	D. cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late yesterday and on Monday.
	A. is/was	B. has been/is	C. has been/was	D. has been/had been
26) He ____ in the same house since 1975.
	A. has lived	B. is living	C. lived	D. had lived
27) We ____ him since he ____ married.
	A. didn’t see/got	B. haven’t seen/got	C. don’t/get	D. hadn’t seen/got
28) It ____ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis.
	A. is raining	B. had rained	C. has rained	D. was raining
29) He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him since then. 
	A. moved/didn’t see	B. moves/haven’t seen	C. moved/haven’t seen 	D. moved/hadn’t seen
30) We ____ what to do with the money yet.
	A. not decide	B. didn’t decide	C. haven’t decided 	D. hadn’t decided
31) My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.
	A. works	B. is working	C. worked	D. has worked
32) He ____ to New York three times this year.
	A. had been	B. was	C. has been	D. is
33) I ____ how to dance when I ____ six years old.
	A. don’t know / was	B. didn’t know / am 	C. didn’t know / was 	D. haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother ____ me his photos. He ____ me his photos every year.
	A. sends/sent 	B. sent/sends	C. sent/sent	D. sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.
	A. drove	B. had driven	C. drives	D. was driving
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.
	A. do	B. did	C. have done	D. had done
37) I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.
	A. met	B. meet	C. had met	D. am meeting
38) She ____ English when she was six years old.
	A. learned	B. has learned	C. is learning	D. had learned
39) I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.
	A. meet	B. had met	C. met	D. have met
40) They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.
	A. get	B. got	C. have got	D. had got
41) ____ you ____ that film yet?
	A. Do/see	B. Have/seen	C. Did/see	D. Had/seen
42) I ____ the film with my friends last week.
	A. watched	B. watch	C. have watched 	D. had watched
43) He ____ up at five every morning.
	A. is getting	B. got	C. gets	D. was getting
44) ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?
	A. Does/live	B. Is/living	C. Did/live	D. Was/living
45) He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed because of his severe illness.
	A. visits/stays 	B. visits/staying	C. visited/stays	D. visits/is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.
	A. sleep	B. are sleeping	C. were sleeping 	D. slept
47) Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?
	A. do/make	B. did/make	C. are/making	D. were/making
48) What ____ he ____ before you came?
	A. does/do	B. had/do	C. had/done	D. has/done
49) While mum was watching TV, I ____ my homework.
	A. am doing	B. was doing	C. had done	D. has done
50) At this time yesterday I ____ to music.
	A. listened	B. had listened	C. was listening	D. am listening